Spurs

• Calcium buildup from chronic stress. Bone spurs form when the body deposits extra calcium in areas under repeated stress or pressure—especially where tendons or ligaments attach to bone.
• Muscle or ligament strains
• Obesity
• Chronic inflammation of the plantar fascia (Plantar fasciitis)— a thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot, connecting the heel to the forefoot and supporting the arch. Ongoing strain and irritation at its attachment point on the heel can lead to bone spur formation
• Running or jogging on hard surfaces
• Walking gait that places excessive stress on the heel bone, ligaments, and nerves near the heel
• Wearing poorly fitting shoes

• Anti-inflammatory treatments, including oral NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) and, in select cases, cortisone injections to reduce inflammation and pain in surrounding soft tissues.
• Custom-made orthotics -- tailored to your foot’s unique biomechanics—to ensure personalized support and relief
• Ice therapy to reduce localized inflammation and relieve pain caused by irritated soft tissue
• Physical therapy focused on mobility, strengthening, and reducing stress on affected joints and tissues
• Stretching exercises/functional movement
• Surgery may be recommended in severe cases where conservative treatments fail, and pain or mobility issues persist

• Mayo Clinic: Bone Spurs (Osteophytes)
• Cleveland Clinic: Heel Spur Treatments
• National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
• Gupta AK, Foley KA, Versteeg SG. Onychomycosis: Strategies to improve efficacy and reduce recurrence. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(12):1165–1172.
• Dupuy A, et al. Risk factors for erysipelas of the leg: A case-control study. BMJ. 1999;318(7198):1591–1594..

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